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The Eastern Berber languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic family and are spoken in Libya and Egypt. They include Awjila, Sokna and Fezzan (El-Fogaha), Siwi, and Ghadamès,〔Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. & A. Ju. Militarev. 1984. Klassifikacija livijsko-guančskih jazykov. In ''IV vsesojuznaja konferencija afrikanistov "Afrika v 80-e gody: itogi i perspektivy razvitija" (Moskva, 3-5 oktjabrja 1984 g.)'', vol. II, 83-85. (Tezisy Dokladov i Naučnyh Soobščenij IV). Moskva: Institut Afrika Akademii Nauk SSSR, as cited in Takács, Gábor. 1999. ''Development of Afro-Asiatic (Semito-Hamitic) Comparative-Historical Linguistics in Russia and the Former Soviet Union''. (LINCOM Studies in Afroasiatic Linguistics 02). München: LINCOM Europa, p. 130〕 though it is not clear that they form a valid genealogical group. ==Classification== Kossmann (1999:29, 33)〔Maarten Kossmann, Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère, Rüdiger Köppe:Köln〕 divides them into two groups: * one consisting of Ghadamès and Awjila. These two languages are the only Berber languages to preserve proto-Berber *β as β;〔Kossmann 1999:61.〕 elsewhere in Berber it becomes ''h'' or disappears. * the other consisting of Nafusi (excluding Zuwara and southern Tunisia), Sokna (El-Foqaha), and Siwi. This shares some innovations with Zenati, and others (e.g. the change of *ă to ə〔Karl-G. Prasse. "The Reconstruction of Proto-Berber Short Vowels", in ed. James & Theodora Bynon, ''Hamito-Semitica'', The Hague/Paris 1975.〕 and the loss of *β〔Kossmann 1999:61〕) with Northern Berber in general. Blench (ms, 2006) lists the following as separate languages, with dialects in parentheses; like ''Ethnologue'', he classifies Nafusi as Eastern Zenati.〔(AA list ), Blench, ms, 2006〕 *Siwa *Awjila *Sokna *Ghadames *Zurg (in Kufra) *Fezzan (Tmessa, Al-Foqaha) The "Lingvarium Project" (2005) cites two additional languages: the –extinct– language of Jaghbub, and the –still spoken– Berber language of Tmessa, an oasis located in the north of the Murzuq District.〔http://lingvarium.org/africa/Berber1.0.pdf〕 Blažek (1999) considers the language spoken in Tmessa as a dialect of Fezzan.〔Václav Blažek, "Numerals: Comparative-etymological Analyses of Numeral Systems and Their Implications : Saharan, Nubian, Egyptian, Berber, Kartvelian, Uralic, Altaic and Indo-European Languages", in: Filozofická Fakulta: Opera Universitatis Masarykianae vol. 332, p. 57, Facultas Philosophica - Masarykova Univerzita Brno, 1999 (ISBN:9788021020702)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eastern Berber languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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